SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE STRUCTURES: A REVIEW OF MATERIALS, METHODS, AND DESIGN APPROACHES

Abstract

High-performance concrete (HPC) represents an advanced class of cementitious materials offering superior strength, durability, and workability compared to conventional concrete. This review examines the sustainability assessment of HPC structures through comprehensive evaluation of materials, testing methodologies, and design approaches. The integration of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash, silica fume, and ground granulated blast furnace slag significantly reduces environmental impact while maintaining structural performance. Advanced testing methods including electrical resistivity, rapid chloride penetration, and carbonation resistance evaluation provide critical durability indicators. Life cycle assessment (LCA) frameworks demonstrate that optimized HPC designs incorporating waste materials can reduce carbon footprint by up to 80% while extending service life and minimizing maintenance requirements. Performance-based design methodologies coupled with machine learning optimization enable the development of sustainable concrete mixes that balance strength, cost, and environmental sustainability. This review synthesizes recent developments in HPC sustainability, highlighting the convergence of material innovation, computational technologies, and resilience-based design frameworks toward establishing adaptive and environmentally responsible infrastructure systems. Future advancement requires standardized testing protocols, regulatory frameworks, and continued integration of renewable materials to enable widespread adoption of sustainable HPC in construction.