APPLICATION OF UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL DRUG ANALYSIS

Abstract

UV–Visible spectrophotometry is an important analytical technique in pharmaceutical research and quality control because it is simple, provides rapid analytical response, is cost-effective, and is suitable for quantitative drug determination. This study presents a simulated development and validation framework for simultaneously determining paracetamol (PCM), ibuprofen (IBU), and caffeine (CAF) in a hypothetical combined pharmaceutical formulation. A three-wavelength multicomponent spectrophotometric approach was designed using absorbance measurements at 222, 243, and 273 nm. The proposed calibration ranges were 2–12 µg/mL for PCM, 2–12 µg/mL for IBU, and 1–8 µg/mL for CAF. The simulated calibration data produced coefficients of determination of 0.9996, 0.9994, and 0.9997, respectively. Illustrative validation results showed recovery values ranging from 98.9 to 100.6%, repeatability relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.62–0.91%, and intermediate-precision RSDs of 0.88–1.24%. The hypothetical formulation assay produced estimated label-claim values of 99.64% for PCM, 99.35% for IBU, and 99.38% for CAF. The results demonstrate the mathematical application of multicomponent UV–Visible analysis and the organization of analytical validation parameters in pharmaceutical research. The study also discusses the importance of wavelength selection, calibration performance, analytical sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and matrix interference. Since the complete dataset is simulated, experimental verification using certified reference standards and pharmaceutical samples is essential before practical or regulatory application.