EFFECTIVENESS OF AN OREM THEORY-BASED NURSING INTERVENTION ON SELF-CARE AGENCY, MEDICATION ADHERENCE, AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

Abstract

Background: Chronic heart failure requires continuous self-care, medication adherence, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modification. Theory-based nursing interventions may strengthen patients’ ability to manage their condition and improve quality of life.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an Orem Theory-based nursing intervention on self-care agency, medication adherence, and quality of life among patients with chronic heart failure.

Methods: A quantitative, quasi-experimental, one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted among 60 patients with chronic heart failure at the Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. Participants were recruited using consecutive sampling. Data were collected before and after implementation of an Orem Theory-based nursing intervention addressing self-care practices, medication management, symptom monitoring, lifestyle modification, and patient education. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Paired-samples t-tests were used to compare pre-intervention and post-intervention mean scores, with statistical significance set at p < .05.

Results: Self-care agency increased from 52.43 ± 7.84 to 65.87 ± 6.91, with a mean difference of 13.44 (t(59) = 12.18, p < .001). Medication adherence increased from 5.76 ± 1.42 to 7.18 ± 1.16, with a mean difference of 1.42 (t(59) = 8.21, p < .001). Quality of life increased from 48.65 ± 8.72 to 61.24 ± 7.95, with a mean difference of 12.59 (t(59) = 10.47, p < .001).

Conclusion: The Orem Theory-based nursing intervention was associated with significant improvements in self-care agency, medication adherence, and quality of life among patients with chronic heart failure.