IDENTIFYING BARRIERS TO ACCESS IN AVAILING MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IN RURAL AREAS OF PESHAWAR

Abstract

Background: Mental health disorders are increasing worldwide, but access to mental health care remains limited, especially in low- and middle-income countries like Pakistan. In rural areas of Peshawar, people face several difficulties in obtaining mental health services, including stigma, poverty, lack of awareness, shortage of professionals, transportation problems, and cultural beliefs. These barriers prevent many individuals from seeking timely care and contribute to a large treatment gap.

Objectives: To identify the major barriers affecting access to mental health services among people living in rural areas of Peshawar.

Methodology: A stratified cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2025 in rural areas of Peshawar. A total of 381 participants were selected through stratified random sampling from different union councils. Adults living in rural Peshawar for at least one year and able to communicate in Urdu or Pashto were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire after ethical approval and informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-22, including descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and Pearson correlation. Confidentiality and voluntary participation were maintained throughout the study.

Results: The findings showed that most respondents were moderately educated, middle-income, and married, with males slightly outnumbering females. The access to mental health services in rural Peshawar is limited. Many participants reported long distances to healthcare facilities, high treatment costs, lack of transportation, and shortage of mental health professionals. Awareness regarding mental health was moderate, but knowledge about available services was low. Stigma and negative social attitudes also discouraged people from seeking help. Higher education and income levels were associated with better awareness and improved help-seeking behavior, while greater distance reduced access to care.

Conclusion The study concludes that structural, social, and economic barriers significantly affect access to mental health services in rural Peshawar. Improving mental health literacy, reducing stigma, increasing availability of services, and strengthening rural healthcare infrastructure are essential to improve access and reduce the treatment gap.