A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF FLOOD DISPLACEMENT ON VICTIMS’ SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN DISTRICT BUNER, PAKISTAN

Abstract

The harsh reality of the climate change induced disasters is that Pakistan is now more vulnerable to such events, and the recurring flooding has not only displaced massive numbers of people but also affected their livelihood and mental health as well. Although the physical and economic impacts of floods are well documented, the socio-psychological experience of those who are displaced is rather under-studied especially in culturally different communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This study highlights the socio-psychological experiences of the people of District Buner of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, who have been displaced by the monsoon floods of 2025, focusing particularly on psychological well-being, social relationships, identity and coping. The qualitative, phenomenological design was used, and 15 adults who became displaced as a result of the 2025 floods were interviewed using in-depth semi-structured interview. Data were analysed thematically in order to elicit similarities and differences in what participants experienced and to look for common themes in their stories. Four themes arose: Pervasive Psychological Distress, Shattered Social Fabric, Existential Crisis and Loss of Identity, and Coping Mechanisms and Resilience. Displacement caused anxiety, fear, grief, insecurity, and emotional distress, and affected family and community networks, which reduced existing social supports. Participants' sense of identity, dignity, belonging and purpose were also impacted as a result of the loss of their homes, livelihoods and familiar environment. Participants' resilience in the face of these difficulties was manifested in their family support, community solidarity, religious beliefs, social networks and coping strategies. The results suggest that flood displacement is not only a physical and economic crisis but also a socio-psychological experience which can affect individuals' well-being, social relationships, sense of self and community. The study suggests the inclusion of culturally relevant psychosocial assistance in disaster management and post-disaster recovery policies, as well as the reinforcement of community-based resilience programs to foster the long-term recovery and health of the people who have been displaced due to the floods.