ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RISK FACTORS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND ISCHEMIC MITRAL REGURGITATION IN PATIENTS OF ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the association between common risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the severity of Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation (IMR) among patients diagnosed with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). A total of 350 patients were assessed through structured questionnaires and echocardiographic evaluation for IMR grading. The sample included 66.6% males and 33.4% females, with the majority of cases occurring in middle-aged individuals (41–60 years).

Key risk factors included hypertension (65.1%), frequent stress (60.6%), fast food consumption (62.9%), and smoking (48.0%). These risk factors were notably more common among urban patients, who also demonstrated higher rates of sedentary lifestyle and dietary imbalance. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between hypertension, smoking, and IMR severity, indicating their critical role in the development and progression of valvular dysfunction post-STEMI.

Echocardiography showed that moderate IMR was the most common severity grade, followed by mild and severe cases. Among the STEMI population (52.9% of total patients), 45.4% developed IMR, with 19% showing severe regurgitation. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) was the most frequently used treatment approach. The findings highlight the urgent need for preventive strategies targeting hypertension, smoking, and lifestyle habits especially in urban populations to reduce the burden of IMR and improve outcomes in STEMI patients.