RECENT ADVANCES IN GRAPHENE PLASMONICS USING MAGNETIZED PLASMA WAVEGUIDES

Abstract

Graphene is a promising material to develop small and reconfigurable photonic devices that is due to the excellent subwavelength electromagnetic confinement and electrical tunability. The external magnetic field results in the emergence of gyrotropic conductivity and the Hall response, and leads to more control over plasmon propagation and mode splitting, hybridization and nonreciprocal or chiral behavior. This review summarizes the basic properties of magnetoplasmons in graphene and their use in graphene-based waveguides, with a particular focus on the case of graphene circular geometry, which brings extra degrees of freedom in the modulation of all modes, due to curvature and angular momentum. The effects of magnetic field, chemical potential, waveguide radius, dielectric medium and material characteristics on mode confinement and propagation are taken into account. Various analytical and numerical techniques, such as electrostatic dispersion methods, plane-wave expansion, finite-element, transfer-matrix, boundary-element and time-domain methods, are reviewed to model these structures. Applications such as sensing, modulation, waveguiding, switching, resonators, and nonreciprocal photonic devices are suggested, and important challenges with regard to propagation loss, disorder, coupling, integration with magnetic fields, and accurate material modeling are pointed out.